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Engine Technology Presents New Benefits and Challenges

Many mechanical developments designed to reduce emissions and improved efficiency place added stress on lubricants and fuel systems.

TECH TALK

Dan Peterson Vice President, Technical Development

In recent years, mandated emissions reductions and new fuel economy standards have been the major drivers for new engine technologies. Application of improved engine technologies is accelerating to meet these mandates, challenging lubrication and fuel systems to operate accordingly. Two of the most common recently improved engine technologies include turbochargers and gasoline direct injection.

Turbochargers
Turbocharged engines have gained popularity with vehicle manufacturers for their ability to maintain or increase engine power while simultaneously increasing fuel economy. Turbochargers work by harnessing hot exhaust gases to drive a compressor, which in turn pressurizes air from the intake system to generate more engine power. Since turbochargers are continually exposed to hot exhaust gases, they stress lubricants far beyond other areas of the engine. High temperatures create the potential for localized sludge and deposit build-up in critical areas, which can lead to damage to the turbocharger and other parts of the engine if not lubricated and maintained correctly. Some engines equipped with turbochargers require warm-up and cool-down periods to avoid coking, which is when motor oil becomes baked onto the internal parts of the turbocharger.

According to BorgWarner Turbo and Emissions Systems, 90 percent of all turbocharger failures are due to one of the following causes:

1. Penetration of foreign bodies into the turbine or compressor
2. Dirt in the oil
3. Inadequate oil supply (oil pressure/ filter system)
4. High exhaust gas temperatures.

These failures can generally be avoided with regular maintenance. MaintainIng the air intake and filter, for example, helps keep the system running cooler and ensures that no random foreign material gets into the turbocharger.

Many new turbocharger-equipped engines are designed to be consumer friendly and require little, if any, special intervention. For example, the new Ford EcoBoost engine has two water-cooled turbochargers that continually circulate coolant after engine shutdown to ensure the turbo is sufficiently cooled to prevent coking. Although this addresses some of the immediate issues, oil debris and localized excessive oil temperatures can still cause long-term issues.

Gasoline Direct Injection Engines
Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines are becoming more widely used by vehicle manufacturers because, like turbochargers, they can maintain engine power while also increasing fuel efficiency. In a GDI engine, fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber rather than the intake side of the engine. GDI technologies from different manufacturers vary and component design is slightly different depending on the company. Some GDI engines have exhibited problems with carbon build-up on the intake side of valves. Oily residues build up over time and deposit on the back side of intake valves causing loss of engine horsepower, sluggish operation and poor fuel economy.

One of the larger concerns is the potential for clogging fuel injectors. GDI systems operate under very high pressures and temperatures. The fuel injector resides inside the combustion chamber, so it is exposed to continuous cycles of high heat and pressure followed by cold-soak periods. This is a much more severe operating environment and deposit issues are more common than in engines with injectors on the intake side. Since GDI systems depend on high pressures to atomize the fuel, any dIsruption of flow through the small injector openings creates noticeable issues. This problem is so prevalent that a GDI deposit test was designed specifically to predict deposit formation and impact on fuel flow.

So, with more change comes more issues and opportunities. Increased use of turbochargers places more stress on lubricant and filter technology. Lubricants must hold up to excessive temperatures created by use of these systems, and they must be able to quickly pull heat away from lubricated areas. In addition, oil filtration is critical as these systems continuously operate under high load and rpm. A slug of dirt particles in engine oil can tear up key bearing components quickly. Seems like a problem specificallY designed for AMSOIL Motor Oils and High-Efficiency Filters.

GDI technology has many benefits, but some significant issues. The pressurecooker that is created by high temperatures, high fuel pressures and smaller fuel injector openings can certainly cause new issues for drivers. Varying fuel quality also creates another opportunity for AMSOIL Fuel Additives to help prevent or eliminate the issue.

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AMSOIL Synthetic Diesel Oil Articles and Testimonials

"AMSOIL INC. warrants that the use of its lubricants will not cause mechanical damage to any mechanically sound equipment when AMSOIL INC. products are used in full compliance with the company's recommendations and instructions."

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AMSOIL synthetic motor oils are formulated to surpass engine test specifications, offering protection far greater than competing motor oils for extended drain intervals. Most synthetic oil manufacturers make no claim to extended drain intervals, deferring to the maintenance schedule provided by the vehicle manufacturer. With its unparalleled oil and warranty program, AMSOIL offers consumers unprecedented protection and economics.

Another AMSOIL First

More than 20 years ago, AMSOIL began using the NOACK volatility test as a comparison tool and measurement of quality. Back then, nearly every oil tested side-by-side with AMSOIL synthetic motor oils failed, and those that passed barely squeaked by. Other oil companies paid no attention to NOACK results until Ford Motor Company made it a requirement for service fill oils, validating what AMSOIL had said all along.

AMSOIL Now An ISO Certified Manufacturer
AMSOIL recently received ISO 9001:2000 certification of our Quality Management System (QMS). NSF International Strategic Registrations is the registrar that has verified our QMS meets the requirements of the ISO 9001:2000 standard, the most widely utilized quality standard throughout the world for quality management systems. ISO standards are used by over 300,000 companies worldwide setting rigorous standards for businesses, government and industry.

ISO 9001:2000 is applicable to any manufacturing and service organization providing a framework for system development that focuses on the customer, quality system performance and ongoing improvement. AMSOIL received ISO 9001:2000 registration under the scope: synthetic lubricants blending, packaging, and other fulfillment directly associated with lubricant product.

The ISO certification puts AMSOIL in line with some of the most efficient companies in the world. It is further assurance that the products and services AMSOIL provides will continue to maintain the high level of quality the company always demanded.

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